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Stravovanie na cestách

Obľuba rýchleho občerstvenia a zájedok stále stúpa a ak sa stanú súčasťou nutrične vyrovnanej diéty, môžu zohrať i významnú a užitočnú úlohu pri ovplyvňovaní nášho zdravia.

Za zájedku môže byť považovaný pokrm, ktorý ľudia jedia mimo domu, alebo drobné občerstvenie, ktoré nahrádza tradičný pokrm. Výber zájedok v jednotlivých európskych krajinách sa značne odlišuje. Niekde dávajú prednosť pikantným potravinám - praclíkom, krehkému chlebu alebo chrumkám, v iných krajinách majú ľudia v obľube sladké potraviny ako sú jogurty, ovocie, sušienky, čokoláda a nealkoholické sýtené nápoje.

Medzi ľuďmi je rozšírená mienka, že tento spôsob stravovania je príčinou nielen nadváhy, ale i vzniku zubného kazu. Táto predstava sa však nezakladá na pravde. Vedci napríklad dokázali, že zájedky nepodporujú obezitu azda preto, že mnoho ľudí si proste upraví svoj denný režim stravovania tak, že energetická hodnota všetkých skonzumovaných potravín je v súlade s energetickou potrebou.

Odborníci tiež usudzujú, že pokiaľ sa dodržiava správna ústna hygiena, dve až tri zájedky alebo nápoje denne ako doplnok bežných pokrmov, nemusia mať negatívny vplyv na stav zubov. Na zníženie rizika vzniku zubného kazu je vhodné zobrať si po jedle žuvačku bez sacharózy, najmä takú, kde ako sladidlo bol použitý xylitol. Tieto žuvačky podporujú tvorbu slín, a tak znižujú v ústach prítomnosť nežiaducich baktérií, ktoré sú príčinou tvorby zubného kazu.

Podľa odborníkov predstavujú zájedky u niektorých skupín ľudí významnú časť denného príjmu potrebných živín. Napr. v Edinburgu sa zistilo, že zájedky dodávajú deťom vo veku 7 – 8 rokov približne štvrtinu dennej energie a zároveň zabezpečujú pravidelný príjem bielkovín, sacharidov, tukov a vlákniny, ďalej približne 15 % vápnika a 20 % vitamínu C.

Aj u dospievajúcich detí predstavujú významný zdroj dôležitého vápnika také zájedky, ako sú jogurty, nízkotučné mliečne koktaily, zmrzlina, ovocné šťavy obohatené vápnikom, mliečna čokoláda a syry. Takisto športovci, usilujúci sa zaistiť si potrebnú hodnotu energie prijímanej potravou, a staršie osoby, ktorým nevyhovujú veľké porcie bežných jedál, často uspokojujú svoju potrebu práve pravidelnou konzumáciou rôznych zájedok a nápojov v priebehu celého dňa.

V Európe sa tento spôsob "stravovania na ceste" stále rozširuje a vzhľadom k tomu, že narastajúci počet osôb si upravuje svoj denný príjem potravín v súlade s uponáhľaným životným štýlom, bude zjavne tento trend stále významnejší.

Pre mnoho ľudí predstavujú práve zájedky pohodlný a vyhovujúci spôsob uspokojenia každodenných výživových potrieb.

Na získanie viac poznatkov o týchto trendoch vydal EUFIC brožúru s názvom "Food on the Move: The Role of Snacking in our Diet". Jej text je uverejnený na webových stránkach www.eufic.org, alebo si ju je možno zadarmo objednať v publikačnej sekcii webových stránok. 

POTRAVINY DNES (FOOD TODAY) 09/2000

Zdroj: Európska rada potravinárskych informácií (European Food Information Council)

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