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Potraviny pre telesne aktívne osoby

Na udržanie dobrého zdravia vyžaduje ľudský organizmus rovnaké živiny bez ohľadu na to, či osoba vedie aktívny alebo sedavý spôsob života. Pri miernom, avšak pravidelnom cvičení nie je potrebné radikálne meniť stravu, potrebné množstvo a zloženie živín sa môže len mierne líšiť v porovnaní s osobami, ktoré nie sú fyzicky aktívne vôbec.

Zvlášť dôležitá je požiadavka, aby okrem rôznych bielkovinných potravín, ovocia a zeleniny bol zabezpečený i zodpovedajúci prísun potravín na báze sacharidov, ktoré dodávajú energiu pracujúcim svalom a nahrádzajú zásobné sacharidy spotrebované v priebehu cvičenia. Pokiaľ nie je táto požiadavka dodržaná, dochádza k podobnej situácii ako pri jazde autom so stále menším množstvom benzínu. Chvíľu jazdí a náhle už nebude môcť v jazde pokračovať. Ďalej je uvedených päť rád pre správny príjem sacharidov:

  1. Snažte sa zjesť 5 g sacharidov na jeden kilogram telesnej hmotnosti denne. Pre mužov s hmotnosťou 70 kg to predstavuje najmenej 350 g sacharidov denne a pre 55 kg ženu 275 g.
  2. Na dosiahnutie požadovaného množstva zaraďte sacharidové potraviny do každého jedla. Jedzte chlieb, cestoviny, raňajkové cereálie, ryžu, zemiaky, fazuľu, koreňovú zeleninu, ovocie a krehký chlieb.
  3. Cukrovinky, šumivé nápoje, sušené ovocie a čokoláda sú vhodné a praktické potraviny pri cvičení a predstavujú zdroje sacharidov s malým objemom.
  4. Ideálne je zjesť pokrm obsahujúci sacharidy 2 - 4 hodiny pred cvičením a ľahké občerstvenie, napr. banán, jednu hodinu pred cvičením.
  5. Približne v priebehu dvoch hodín po skončení cvičenia zjedzte asi 50 g sacharidov vo forme rýchlo absorbovateľných potravín, ako sú sušienky, čokoládové tyčinky, banány, kukuričné vločky, sladké pečivo, hrozienky alebo pohár nápoja pre športovcov.

Podobne ako sacharidy, potrebuje organizmus i bielkoviny vo forme chudého mäsa, napríklad kurčatá, chudé červené mäso, ryby, ďalej mliečne produkty, ako aj určité množstvo tuku. Je vhodné pravidelne zaradiť do stravy mastné ryby, olivový olej, orechy a rôzne semená, a tak dodať organizmu esenciálne mastné kyseliny potrebné na zabezpečenie všetkých telesných funkcií.

Pri pravidelnom cvičení je potrebný dostatok nápojov. Základným pravidlom je denná spotreba najmenej 2 l tekutín a ďalší liter na každú hodinu cvičenia. Toto množstvo sa môže podstatne zvýšiť v horúcom a vlhkom prostredí. Nespoliehajte sa na to, že pocit smädu určí, kedy máte piť, ale vždy si udržiavajte v organizme potrebnú hladinu tekutín - pred, v priebehu aj po cvičení.

Množstvo sacharidov v potravinách

Potravina Sacharidy (g)
Porcia varených cestovín 230 g 50
Porcia kukuričných vločiek 60 g 50
Porcia ryže 150 g 45
2 krajčeky celozrného chleba 30
Sladká žemľa 30
Mliečna čokoláda 54 g 30
2 naberačky roztlačených zemiakov 25
1 stredný banán, jablko alebo hruška 20
Pohár pomarančovej šťavy (160 ml) 15

Literatúra

Sjöström M (editor) (1999) Diet and Physical Activity - Interactions for Health. Public Health Nutrition 2, Number 3(A).

POTRAVINY DNES (FOOD TODAY) 12/1999

Zdroj: Európska rada potravinárskych informácií (European Food Information Council)

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