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Science Briefs

Striking differences of overweight and obesity rates in schoolchildren across Europe

Inconsistent evidence to support a link between obesity and claimed food addiction

In a recent review, researchers from the University of Cambridge, UK, closely examined the widely claimed link between obesity and addiction. They demonstrated that the evidence for food addiction in humans is limited, and that there are issues with the usefulness of the current food addiction model which need to be addressed.

Obesity may dampen taste sensitivity in children and adolescents

Young obese subjects were found to have a lower ability to identify the correct taste qualities and rated sweetness lower in intensity compared to their normal-weight peers. These are the results of a cross-sectional study executed by German researchers from the Universitätsmedizin in Berlin and the University of Dresden.

New consensus on energy balance and body weight regulation

Experts in weight management, energy metabolism, physical activity and behaviour, from the USA and the UK, have published a new consensus statement on energy balance and body weight regulation. This statement is the result of a consensus conference entitled “The role of energy balance in health and wellness”.

Breastfeeding according to guidelines may help protect children from becoming overweight

Breastfeeding infants during the first 4-6 months of life may offer some protection against overweight in childhood. This finding comes out of the European-wide study IDEFICS (Identification and prevention of Dietary- and lifestyle-induced health EFfects In Children and infantS), and supports current recommendations for breastfeeding.

EUFIC reviews European evidence on whether nutrition labelling has helped prevent obesity

In the face of continuing high rates of obesity across Europe, can nutrition labelling help consumers manage their dietary intakes to achieve a healthy body weight? To answer this question, EUFIC reviewed the scientific evidence published between 2007 and March 2012. The conclusion: most people can use the different nutrition labelling schemes available to identify more healthful (less calorific) choices, but they lack the motivation to factor nutrition information into their purchasing decisions. Price, taste and time constraints are key aspects to consider for more effective nutrition labelling.

Brain response to food stimuli may explain link between inadequate sleep and obesity

Sleep restriction might lead to a greater propensity to overeat due to increased activation of the brain in response to food stimuli, according to US researchers from Columbia University and St Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital in New York.

Psychological treatment for obesity: Determining what eating behaviours are involved

Currently, there is no consensus on what main problematic eating behaviours are involved in obesity. Researchers from the University of Otago, New Zealand, the Canterbury District Health Board, UK, and Maastricht University, the Netherlands, developed a self-report questionnaire aimed to help researchers and clinicians identify such eating behaviours. Once these are defined, effective interventions can be established to help people lose weight without surgery.

Genetic factors remain major driver of obesity risk

A large UK study has concluded that our genes may determine as much as 77% of our obesity risk, while environmental factors seem to be less important.

Maternal and infant predictors of child obesity

Early life factors, such as birth weight, maternal smoking and fathers’ weight, can all predispose a young child to obesity, suggest two European studies.